Paleo grotten in Brazilie uit prehistorie gemaakt door uitgestorven grote zoogdieren!?

Tunnels Found In The Jungle Were Actually Created By A Chilling Prehistoric Creature 

BY KELSEY NIGHTHAWK 

Ten thousand years ago, the Earth looked like a much different place than our present-day environment. This is backed by the numerous discoveries about our planet’s past by archaeologists and other researchers. In Brazil, experts found a tunnel system that highlights this concept. The caves are lined with scratch marks and peculiar carvings from the claws of a giant beast, which confused scientists for decades. Were huge clawed animals really scouring the planet so recently? Ancient cavesThese tunnels are between 8,000-10,000 years old. Initially, it seemed like a group of ancient humans made the enormous cave system as a way to cut through the dense vegetation that made the Brazilian forest hard to navigate. Experts soon learned that wasn't the case. They were found by modern scientists in the 1930s who believed they were created through a geological process. It wasn’t until 2010 that geologist Amilcar Adamy from the Brazilian Geological Survey decided to investigate this cave system for himself. Not natural Amilcar’s original goal for his exploration trip was to determine which geologic process made the tunnels, but his intentions shifted when he examined the caves. "I'd never seen anything like it before," 

Amilcar said. "It really grabbed my attention. It didn't look natural." Amilcar couldn’t match any processes with the structures. While he was studying his findings, Heinrich Frank from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil found another unnatural-looking cave in Novo Hamburgo. This wasn’t his only find. Huge Structures Heinrich found hundreds of similar tunnels in the Brazilian wilderness and eventually ventured inside them. This was when he realized how large they were: they’d extend for 300 or more feet with smaller branches that led to separate rooms that snaked from the main section. Shallow Grooves During these trips, Heinrich noticed grooves carved in the granite, basalt, and sandstone rock that comprised the tunnels. After getting a closer look, he realized they were claw marks. "Most consist of long, shallow grooves parallel to each other,” he and his team wrote in their group research paper about this project. Some Irregularity “[They were] grouped and apparently produced by two or three claws," Heinrich wrote. "These grooves are mostly smooth, but some irregular ones may have been produced by broken claws." Where did these ancient claw marks originate?

 Niche Animal Homes Further research revealed the tunnels to be palaeoburrows — which surprised the archaeologists. "I didn't know there was such a thing as palaeoburrows," Heinrich said. “I'm a geologist, a professor, and I'd never even heard of them." Since he authored a massive study on them, he’s probably familiar now. Size Differences At least 1,500 palaeoburrows have been found in southern Brazil. The tunnels are either 3.5 feet around or six feet tall and 12 feet wide — there’s definitely a noticeable size difference between the types. The burrows are complex systems and some are longer than others. Accidentally Finding Something The one discovered by Amilcar was the longest palaeoburrow in Brazil. It's twice as large as the second-place system. He may not have realized what he found initially, but his curiosity drew him to a nearly unbelievable feature made by animals. They’re Megafauna After studying the markings, researchers believe they were made by now-extinct giant ground sloths and giant armadillos! These tunnel systems were actually their burrows. The creatures who made them were certified megafauna — they were at least 20 feet long. But that begged the question: how did a slow-moving giant sloth build a tunnel this complex? What’s Your Secret? Day and night, that question began eating into the paleontologists' brains. The size of these primitive creatures alone couldn't account for the hundreds, or thousands, of miles of caves in a single system. Leaving it Behind If one sloth burrowed through the soil by themself to make the tunnels, they’d have to spend most of their lives making these structures. Scientists theorize the sloths may have handed down their burrows from one generation to the next. This created a complex, multi-generational home-building strategy. Still Observing When their children took over building a tunnel, they were free to add chambers and passages of their own. This would help their home continue to expand. Researchers aren’t sure about the accuracy of this theory and are still learning more about the animals to confirm or deny it. Another Mystery Linking these caves to giant animals also solved another long-running paleontology mystery: where are the animals’ burrows? Experts knew about these sloths, but they had no idea where they'd lived. Plenty of fossil evidence for creatures with digging tendencies had been uncovered by researchers, but they didn’t find these animals’ homes. Now, they could get a complete picture of the beasts. Through the Strata Besides their size, these burrows are impressive because the animals dug them in sedimentary or volcanic rock. Some were able to make their way through sandstone — something a human would need an ax to accomplish. Linking these tunnels to the giant sloths was a huge relief for paleontologists. They finally had answers to a question they'd long been dwelling on. Where are They? Though the animals were prevalent, researchers couldn’t find their homes for a few reasons. They likely didn’t know the best ways to look for the ancient burrows and with the passage of time, a majority of them likely collapsed under the weight of the shifting soil. Big Boys Some of the biggest palaeoburrows were made by sloths from the Lestodon genus. They reached 15 feet in length and weighed 5,709 pounds. 

Their size is almost incomprehensible when you compare them to modern slow-moving sloths. Imagine standing near one of their ancestors. Well-Preserved The enormous burrows dug by ground sloths and giant armadillos were large and apparently well-structured enough to maintain their shape after thousands of years. It also helps that both of the animals went extinct about 10,000 years ago, not too far in the past. But it's a misconception to think that all the most bizarre animals are already extinct. In fact, there's plenty of creatures that roam the earth right now that are more wild than anything from prehistoric times 

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ideo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAYl3yl4Zkw