INTERNATIONAL
APPEAL
Stop 5G on Earth and in Space
Stop 5G on Earth and in Space
To the
UN, WHO, EU, Council of Europe
and governments of all nations
We the undersigned scientists, doctors, environmental organizations and
citizens from (__) countries, urgently call for a halt to the deployment of the
5G (fifth generation) wireless network, including 5G from space satellites. 5G
will massively increase exposure to radio frequency (RF) radiation on top of
the 2G, 3G and 4G networks for telecommunications already in place. RF
radiation has been proven harmful for humans and the environment. The
deployment of 5G constitutes an experiment on humanity and the environment that
is defined as a crime under international law.
Executive summary
Telecommunications companies worldwide, with the support of governments,
are poised within the next two years to roll out the fifth-generation wireless
network (5G). This is set to deliver what is acknowledged to be unprecedented
societal change on a global scale. We will have “smart” homes, “smart”
businesses, “smart” highways, “smart” cities and self-driving cars. Virtually
everything we own and buy, from refrigerators and washing machines to milk
cartons, hairbrushes and infants’ diapers, will contain antennas and microchips
and will be connected wirelessly to the Internet. Every person on Earth will
have instant access to super-high-speed, low- latency wireless communications
from any point on the planet, even in rainforests, mid-ocean and the Antarctic.
What is not widely acknowledged is that this will also result in
unprecedented environmental change on a global scale. The planned density of
radio frequency transmitters is impossible to envisage. In addition to millions
of new 5G base stations on Earth and 20,000 new satellites in space, 200
billion transmitting objects, according to estimates, will be part of the
Internet of Things by 2020, and one trillion objects a few years later.
Commercial 5G at lower frequencies and slower speeds was deployed in Qatar,
Finland and Estonia in mid-2018. The rollout of 5G at extremely high
(millimetre wave) frequencies is planned to begin at the end of 2018.
Despite widespread denial, the evidence that radio frequency (RF) radiation
is harmful to life is already overwhelming. The accumulated clinical evidence
of sick and injured human beings, experimental evidence of damage to DNA, cells
and organ systems in a wide variety of plants and animals, and epidemiological
evidence that the major diseases of modern civilization—cancer, heart disease
and diabetes—are in large part caused by electromagnetic pollution, forms a
literature base of well over 10,000 peer-reviewed studies.
If the telecommunications industry’s plans for 5G come to fruition, no
person, no animal, no bird, no insect and no plant on Earth will be able to
avoid exposure, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, to levels of RF radiation that
are tens to hundreds of times greater than what exists today, without any
possibility of escape anywhere on the planet. These 5G plans threaten to
provoke serious, irreversible effects on humans and permanent damage to all of
the Earth’s ecosystems.
Immediate
measures must be taken to protect humanity and the environment, in accordance
with ethical imperatives and international agreements.
5G will result in a massive
increase in inescapable, involuntary exposure to wireless radiation
Ground-based 5G
In order to transmit the enormous amounts of data required for the Internet
of Things (IoT), 5G technology, when fully deployed, will use millimetre waves,
which are poorly transmitted through solid material. This will require every
carrier to install base stations every 100 metres[1] in every urban area in the world. Unlike previous generations of
wireless technology, in which a single antenna broadcasts over a wide area, 5G
base stations and 5G devices will have multiple antennas arranged in “phased arrays” [2],[3] that work together to emit focused, steerable, laser-like beams that
track each other.
Each 5G phone will contain dozens of tiny antennas, all working together to
track and aim a narrowly focused beam at the nearest cell tower. The US Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) has adopted rules [4] permitting the effective power of those beams to be as much as 20
watts, ten times more powerful than the levels permitted for current phones.
Each 5G base station will contain hundreds or thousands of antennas aiming
multiple laser-like beams simultaneously at all cell phones and user devices in
its service area. This technology is called “multiple input multiple output” or
MIMO. FCC rules permit the effective radiated power of a 5G base
station’s beams to be as much as 30,000 watts per
100 MHz of spectrum,[2] or equivalently 300,000 watts per GHz of spectrum, tens to hundreds
of times more powerful than the levels permitted for current base stations.
Space-based
5G
At least
five companies[5] are proposing to provide 5G from space from a combined 20,000
satellites in low- and medium-Earth orbit that will blanket the Earth with
powerful, focused, steerable beams. Each satellite will emit millimetre waves
with an effective radiated power of up to 5 million watts[6] from thousands of antennas arranged in a phased array. Although the
energy reaching the ground from satellites will be less than that from
ground-based antennas, it will irradiate areas of the Earth not reached by
other transmitters and will be additional to ground-based 5G transmissions from
billions of IoT objects. Even more importantly, the satellites will be located
in the Earth’s magnetosphere, which exerts a significant influence over the
electrical properties of the atmosphere. The alteration of the Earth’s
electromagnetic environment may be an even greater threat to life than the
radiation from ground-based antennas (see below).
Harmful effects of radio
frequency radiation are already proven
Even
before 5G was proposed, dozens of petitions and appeals[7] by international scientists, including the Freiburger Appeal signed by over 3,000 physicians, called for a
halt to the expansion of wireless technology and a moratorium on new base
stations.[8]
In
2015, 215 scientists from 41 countries communicated
their alarm to the United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO).[9] They stated that “numerous recent scientific publications have shown
that EMF [electromagnetic fields] affects living organisms at levels well below
most international and national guidelines”. More than 10,000 peer-reviewed
scientific studies demonstrate harm to human health from RF radiation.[10] [11] Effects include:
- Alteration
of heart rhythm[12]
- Altered
gene expression[13]
- Altered metabolism[14]
- Altered stem cell development[15]
- Cancers[16]
- Cardiovascular disease[17]
- Cognitive
impairment[18]
- DNA damage[19]
- Impacts on general
well-being[20]
- Increased free radicals[21]
- Learning and memory deficits[22]
- Impaired sperm function and quality[23]
- Miscarriage[24]
- Neurological damage[25]
- Obesity and
diabetes[26]
- Oxidative stress[27]
Effects in
children include autism,[28] attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD)[29][30] and asthma.[31]
Damage
goes well beyond the human race, as there is abundant evidence of harm to
diverse plant- and wildlife[32][33] and laboratory animals,
including:
The WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded in
2011 that RF radiation of frequencies 30 kHz - 300 GHz are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).[49] However, recent evidence, including the latest studies on cell phone
use and brain cancer risks, indicate that RF radiation is proven carcinogenic to humans[50] and should now be classified as a “Group 1 carcinogen” along with
tobacco smoke and asbestos.
Most
contemporary wireless signals are pulse-modulated. Harm is caused by both the
high-frequency carrier wave and the low-frequency pulsations.[51]
The deployment of 5G satellites must be prohibited
The Earth,
the ionosphere and the lower atmosphere form the global electric circuit[52] in which we live. It is well established that biological rhythms—of
humans,[53][54] birds,[55] hamsters,[56] and spiders[57][58]—are controlled by the Earth’s
natural electromagnetic environment and that the well-being of all organisms
depends on the stability of this environment, including the electrical properties of the
atmosphere.[59][60][61][62] Cherry, in a
groundbreaking paper, [63] explained the importance of the Schumann resonances[64] and why ionospheric disturbances can alter blood pressure and
melatonin and cause “cancer, reproductive, cardiac and neurological disease and
death”.
These elements of our electromagnetic environment have already been altered
by radiation from power lines. Power line harmonic radiation[65] reaches the Earth’s ionosphere and magnetosphere, where it is
amplified by wave-particle interactions.[66][67] In 1985, Dr. Robert O.
Becker warned that power line harmonic radiation had already changed the
structure of the magnetosphere, and that the continued expansion of this effect
“threatens the viability of all life on Earth”.[68] The placement of tens of thousands of satellites directly in both the
ionosphere and magnetosphere, emitting modulated signals at millions of watts
and millions of frequencies, is likely to alter our electromagnetic environment
beyond our ability to adapt.[69]
Informal monitoring has already provided
evidence indicating serious effects on humans and animals from the
approximately 100 satellites that have provided 2G and 3G phone service from
low orbit since 1998. Such effects cannot be understood only from consideration
of the low levels of radiation on the ground. Knowledge from other relevant
scientific disciplines must be taken into account, including the fields of
atmospheric physics and acupuncture.[70][71][72][73] Adding 20,000 5G
satellites will further pollute the global electric circuit[74][75] and could alter the Schumann resonances,[76] with which all life on Earth has evolved. The effects will be
universal and may be profoundly damaging.
5G is qualitatively and quantitatively different from 4G
The idea
that we will tolerate tens to hundreds of times more radiation at
millimetre wavelengths is based on faulty modelling of the human body as
a shell filled with a homogeneous liquid.[77][78] The assumption that
millimetre waves do not penetrate beyond the skin completely ignores nerves,[79] blood vessels[80][81] and other electrically
conducting structures that can carry radiation-induced currents deep into the
body.[82][83][84] Another, potentially more serious error is that phased arrays are not
ordinary antennas. When an ordinary electromagnetic field enters the body, it
causes charges to move and currents to flow. But when extremely short
electromagnetic pulses enter the body, something else happens: the moving
charges themselves become little antennas that reradiate the electromagnetic
field and send it deeper into the body. These reradiated waves are called Brillouin precursors.[85] They become significant when either the power or the phase of the
waves changes rapidly enough.[86] 5G will probably satisfy both criteria.
In
addition, shallow penetration in itself poses a unique danger to eyes and to
the largest organ of the body, the skin, as well as to very small creatures.
Peer-reviewed studies have recently been published, predicting thermal skin burns[87] in humans from 5G radiation and resonant absorption by insects,[88] which absorb up to 100 times as much radiation at millimetre
wavelengths as they do at wavelengths presently in use. Since populations
of flying insects have declined by 75-80
per cent since 1989 even in protected nature areas,[89] 5G radiation could have catastrophic effects on insect populations
worldwide. A 1986 study by Om Gandhi warned
that millimetre waves are strongly absorbed by the cornea of the eye, and that
ordinary clothing, being of millimetre-size thickness, increases the absorption
of energy by the skin by a resonance-type effect.[90] Russell (2018) reviews
the known effects of millimetre waves on skin, eyes (including cataracts),
heart rate, immune system and DNA.[91]
Regulators have deliberately excluded the scientific evidence of harm
Stakeholders thus far in the development of 5G have
been industry and governments, while renowned international EMF scientists who
have documented biological effects on humans, animals, insects and plants, and
alarming effects on health and the environment in thousands of peer-reviewed
studies have been excluded. The reason for the current inadequate safety
guidelines is that conflicts of interest of standard-setting
bodies “due to their relationships with telecommunications or electric
companies undermine the impartiality that should govern the regulation of
Public Exposure Standards for non-ionizing radiation”. [92] Professor Emeritus Martin L. Pall lays out the conflicts of interest
in detail, and the lists of important studies that have been excluded, in
his literature review. [93]
The thermal hypothesis is obsolete—new safety standards are needed
Current
safety guidelines are based on the obsolete hypothesis that
heating is the only harmful effect of EMFs. As Markov and Grigoriev have stated, “Today
standards do not consider the real pollution of the environment with
nonionizing radiation”.[94] Hundreds of scientists, including many signatories to this appeal,
have proven that many different kinds of acute and chronic illnesses and injuries
are caused without heating (“non-thermal effect”)
from radiation levels far below international guidelines.9 Biological effects occur even at near-zero power levels. Effects that
have been found at 0.02 picowatts (trillionths of a watt) per square centimetre
or less include altered genetic structure in E. coli[95] and in rats,[96] altered EEG in humans,[97] growth stimulation in bean plants,[98] and stimulation of ovulation in
chickens.[99]
To protect
against non-thermal effects, duration of exposure must be considered. 5G will
expose everyone to many more transmissions simultaneously and continuously, day
and night without cessation. New safety standards are needed and should be
based on cumulative exposure and not only on power
levels but also on frequency, bandwidth, modulation, waveform, pulse
width and other properties that are biologically important. Antennas must be
confined to specific, publicly identified locations. To protect humans,
antennas must be located far from where people live and work, and excluded from
the public rights-of-way where people walk. To protect wildlife, they must be
excluded from wilderness sanctuaries and strictly minimized in remote areas of
the Earth. To protect all life, commercial communications satellites must be
limited in number and prohibited in low- and medium-Earth orbits. Phased arrays
must be prohibited on Earth and in space.
RF radiation has both acute and chronic effects
RF
radiation has both immediate and long-term effects. Cancer and heart disease
are examples of long-term effects. Alteration of heart rhythm[100] and changes in brain function (EEG)[101] are examples of immediate effects. A syndrome that was called radiowave sickness[102] in the former Soviet Union and is called electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS)
around the world today[103] can be either acute or chronic. Professor Dr. Karl Hecht has
published a detailed history of
these syndromes, compiled from a review of more than 1,500 Russian scientific
papers and the clinical histories of more than 1,000 of his own patients in
Germany. Objective findings include sleep disorders, abnormal blood pressure
and heart rate, digestive disorders, hair loss, tinnitus and skin rash.
Subjective symptoms include dizziness, nausea, headache, memory loss, inability
to concentrate, fatigue, flu-like symptoms and cardiac pain. [104]
The EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 states
that EHS develops when people are “continuously exposed in their daily life” to
increasing levels of EMFs, and that “reduction and prevention of EMF exposure”
is necessary to restore these patients to health.[105] EHS should no longer be considered a disease, but an injury by a
toxic environment that affects an increasingly large portion of the population,
estimated already at 100 million people worldwide,[106][107] and that may soon affect everyone[108] if the worldwide rollout of 5G is permitted.
The International Scientific Declaration on EHS and multiple
chemical sensitivity (MCS), Brussels, declared in 2015 that “[i]naction is a
cost to society and is not an option any more… [W]e unanimously acknowledge
this serious hazard to public health… [urgently requiring] that major primary
prevention measures are adopted and prioritized, to face this worldwide
pan-epidemic in perspective” (emphasis added).[109]
World governments are failing
in their duty of care to the populations they govern
In their
haste to implement 5G and to encourage the unconstrained use of outer space,
the European Union, United States and national governments worldwide are taking
steps to ensure a “barrier-free” regulatory environment.[110] They are prohibiting local authorities from
enforcing environmental laws,[111] and “in the interest of speedy and cost-effective deployment”,
removing “unnecessary burdens… such as local planning procedures [and] the variety
of specific limits on electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions and of the methods
required to aggregate them”.[112]
Governments are also enacting laws to
make wireless facilities a permitted use in all public rights-of-way.[113] To date, most wireless facilities have been located on private
property at some distance from homes and businesses. In order for them to be
spaced less than 100 metres apart as required by 5G, however, they will now be
located on the sidewalk directly in front of homes and businesses and close
above the heads of pedestrians, including mothers with babies.
Public notice requirements and public hearings are being eliminated. Even
if there were a hearing and 100 scientific experts were to testify against
5G, laws have been passed making it illegal for
local authorities to take their testimony into consideration. US law, for
example, prohibits local governments from regulating wireless technology “on
the basis of the environmental effects of radio frequency radiation”,[114] and courts have reversed regulatory decisions about cell tower
placement simply because most of the public testimony was about health.[115] Insurers will not provide coverage against EMF risks,[116] and there is zero clarity as to what entity will bear legal
responsibility for damage to life, limb and property arising from exposure to
5G, whether ground- or space-based.[117]
In the
absence of an agreed comprehensive legal regime governing activities in outer
space, legal liability for those activities is non-existent, despite the
prospect of whole continents, the atmosphere and the oceans being put at risk
by them.
International
agreements are being violated
Children
and duty of care
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: States
shall “undertake to ensure the child such protection and care as is necessary
for his or her well-being” (art. 3), “ensure… the survival and development
of the child” (art. 6) and “take appropriate measures to combat
disease… taking into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental
pollution” (art. 24(c)).
The Nuremberg Code (1947) applies to all experiments on humans, thus
including the deployment of 5G with new, higher RF radiation exposure that has
not been pre-market tested for safety. “The voluntary consent of the human
subject is absolutely essential” (art. 1). Exposure to 5G will be involuntary.
“No experiment should be conducted, where there is an a priori reason to
believe that death or disabling injury will occur” (art. 5). The findings
of over 10,000 scientific studies and the voices of hundreds of international
organizations representing hundreds of thousands of members who have suffered disabling
injury and been displaced from their homes by already-existing wireless telecommunications
facilities, are “a priori reasons to believe that death or disabling injury
will occur”.
Duty to
inform and EMFs
The World Telecommunication Standardization
Assembly (2012) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) stated that
“[t]here is a need to inform the public of the potential effects of exposure to
electromagnetic fields (EMFs)” and invited Member States “to adopt suitable
measures in order to ensure compliance with relevant international
recommendations to protect health against the adverse effect of EMF”.
The Mid-term review of the European
Environment and Health Action Plan 2004-2010 (2008): “The European
Parliament… [n]otes that the limits on exposure to electromagnetic fields which
have been set for the general public are obsolete, … obviously take no account of
developments in information and communication technologies, of the
recommendations issued by the European Environment Agency or of the stricter
emission standards adopted, for example, by Belgium, Italy and Austria, and do
not address the issue of vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, newborn
babies and children.”
Resolution 1815 (Council of Europe,
2011): “Take all reasonable measures to reduce exposure to electromagnetic
fields, especially to radio frequencies from mobile phones, and particularly
the exposure to children and young people.”
Environment
The Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment (1972): “The discharge of toxic substances… in such quantities or
concentrations as to exceed the capacity of the environment to render them
harmless, must be halted in order to ensure that serious or irreversible damage
is not inflicted upon ecosystems” (principle 6).
The World Charter for Nature (1982):
“Activities which are likely to cause irreversible damage to nature shall be
avoided… [W]here potential adverse effects are not fully understood, the
activities should not proceed” (art. 11).
The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992):
“States have… the responsibility to ensure that activities within their
jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States
or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction” (principle 2).
The United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development
(2002): “There is an urgent need to… create more effective national and
regional policy responses to environmental threats to human health” (para.
54(k)).
The African Convention on the
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (2017): “The Parties shall…
take all appropriate measures to prevent, mitigate and eliminate to the maximum
extent possible, detrimental effects on the environment, in particular from
radioactive, toxic, and other hazardous substances and wastes” (art. 13).
Health and
human rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(1948): “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person”
(art. 3).
The United Nations Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’
Health (2016-2030) has as objectives and targets to “transform”, by expanding enabling
environments; to “survive”, by reducing maternal and newborn mortality; and to
“thrive” by ensuring health and well-being and reducing pollution-related
deaths and illnesses.
Space
The Outer Space Treaty (1967)
requires that the use of outer space be conducted “so as to avoid [its] harmful
contamination and also adverse changes in the environment of the Earth” (art.
IX)
The United Nations Guidelines for The
Long-Term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities (2018):
“States and international intergovernmental organizations should address… risks
to people, property, public health and the environment associated with the
launch, in-orbit operation and re-entry of space objects” (guideline 2.2(c)).
World governments are playing dice with life on Earth
Albert
Einstein famously asserted that “God does not play dice”.[118] Yet by pursuing the broadcast on Earth and from space of 5G, an
unprecedented technology of millimetre waves previously used as an energy
weapon in military operations and crowd control,[119] world governments are recklessly playing dice with the future of life
on Earth.
To refuse
to accept and apply relevant and valid scientific knowledge is ethically
unacceptable. Existing research shows that 5G—and especially space-based
5G—contravenes principles enshrined in a host of international agreements.
We call upon the UN, WHO, EU, Council of Europe
and governments of all nations,
(a) To
take immediate measures to halt the deployment of 5G on Earth and in
space in order to protect all humankind, especially the unborn, infants,
children, adolescents and pregnant women, as well as the environment;
(b) To follow the United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child and Council of Europe Resolution 1815 by
informing citizens, including teachers and physicians, about the health risks
(to adults and children) from RF radiation, and why they should and how they
can avoid wireless communication and base stations, particularly in or near
day-care centres, schools, hospitals, homes and workplaces;
(c) To favour and implement wired telecommunications
instead of wireless;
(d) To prohibit the wireless/telecommunications
industry through its lobbying organizations from persuading officials to
make decisions permitting further expansion of RF radiation, including ground-
and space-based 5G;
(e) To appoint immediately—without industry
influence—international groups of independent, truly impartial EMF and health
scientists with no conflicts of interest, [120] for the purpose of establishing new international safety standards
for RF radiation that are not based only on power levels, that consider
cumulative exposure, and that protect against all health and
environmental effects, not just thermal effects and not just effects on humans;
(f) To
appoint immediately—without industry influence—international groups of
scientists with expertise in EMFs, health, biology and atmospheric physics, for
the purpose of developing a comprehensive regulatory framework that will ensure
that the uses of outer space are safe for humans and the environment, taking
into account RF radiation, rocket exhaust gases, black soot, and space debris
and their impacts on ozone, [121] global warming, [122] the atmosphere and the preservation of life on Earth. Not only
ground-based but also space-based technology must be sustainable [123] for adults and children, animals and plants.
Please
respond to the Appeal Administrator listed below,
detailing the measures you intend to take to protect the global population
against RF radiation exposure, especially 5G radiation. This appeal and your
response will be publicly available on www.5gSpaceAppeal.org.
Respectfully submitted,
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